A Brief History of the Internet

Dwight Eisenhower

Dwight Eisenhower was an American politician and Army general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961.

Dwight Eisenhower

Sputnik

Sputnik was the first artificial satellite launched into space.

Sputnik satellite, 1957 Newspaper headline about Sputnik, October 1957

ARPA

ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency), later renamed DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), was the U.S. agency that funded the earliest research leading to the internet.

ARPANET network diagram Early ARPANET ARPANET in 1982

J.C.R. Licklider and the "Intergalactic Computer Network"

"The Internet as we know it really got started in the early 1960s. That was when J.C.R. Licklider, a computer scientist with technology company Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN), formulated a visionary concept for the future of computing.

His idea: link computers together across the globe; and anybody near a computer could share information. As it turns out, Licklider had the right idea at the right time. The Cold War had created a need for better communication and information sharing among research institutions.

Source: livescience.com

Tim Berners-Lee and HTML

Tim Berners-Lee developed the first HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) in 1989.

Published text has always been marked up so that the author and publisher would be able to synchronize and lay out a publication the way it has been envisioned. Tim Berners-Lee created a markup language for the web based on these traditional publishing practices.

Traditional proofreading marks used in publishing Tim Berners-Lee

Marc Andreessen and Netscape

Marc Andreessen added an image tag to HTML and founded Netscape in 1993.

Marc Andreessen

The Browser Wars and the W3C

During the 1990s there were browser wars and HTML was becoming fragmented. Tim Berners-Lee created the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) to maintain HTML standards and ensure consistency across browsers.

W3C logo

Versions of HTML

HTML 3.2

Released in 1997.

HTML 4.01

Released in 1999.

XHTML

Released in 2000.

HTML5

Released in 2014. We are currently in version HTML5, and many people don't see a sixth one coming any time soon, if ever.

HTML5 logo